This report presents an analysis directed to the greater use of coal to displace foreign petroleum. The intent of the document is to provide finger-tip reference material that can be used by interested parties in a nationwide effort to reduce loss of oil from preventable spills. The section on plant security goes into considerable depth since to date no Federal agency or trade association has provided industry with guidelines on this important phase of plant operation. To emphasize the need for spill prevention activities, historic spills are briefly described after which remedial action is defined in an appropriate section of the manual.

Whenever practical, the cost more » of implementation is provided to aid equipment acquisition and installation budgeting. The manual defines state-of-the-art spill prevention practices and automation techniques that can reduce spills caused by human error. As an aid to plant engineers and managers, Federal workers, fire marshalls and fire and casualty insurance inspectors, the document is offered as a spill prevention guide. Needless to say, there is a tremendous annual loss of oil products due to accidental spillage during transportation, cargo transfer, bulk storage and processing. Spills effectively contained within a plant property that do not enter a navigational waterway need not be reported. These figures are derived from reported spills it is highly possible that an equal amount was spilled and not reported. In 1979, the gallons spilled was reduced to 3,663,473. The 1978 spills were more severe, however, since 7,289,163 gallons of oil were accidentally discharged.

In 1978, a total of 1456 oil spills were reported compared to 1451 in 1979.

From Federally accumulated statistics for oil and hazardous substance spills, the authors culled information on spills of hydrocarbon products. From a series of nationwide plant surveys dedicated to spill prevention, containment and countermeasure evaluation, coupled with spill response action activities, a need was determined for a spill prevention guideline manual.

Download Disk Pulse Ultimate 15.5.16